Most people glance at their accounts, see that the balance is up or down, and move on. But that surface check can hide deeper issues like unnecessary overlap or risks that don’t match your current life situation. A simple portfolio review starts with asking the right questions and being crystal clear about what each investment is doing for you.
Here’s a five-step audit you can run on your own accounts:
1. List Every Holding and Its Job
Think of your portfolio as a team. Every player, whether it’s a stock, bond, mutual fund, or ETF should have a clear role. Growth. Stability. Income. Diversification. If you can’t explain what a holding is supposed to do, that’s a red flag.
2. Spot Hidden Overlap
Many investors end up owning different funds that follow similar indexes or invest in the same set of companies. When that happens, the portfolio may look diversified on the surface, but in reality a large portion of it is tied to the same stocks. This can limit the benefit of diversification. Compare the top holdings of your funds. If they all own the same big tech companies, you may be less diversified than you think.
3. Check Fees and Trading Costs
When you invest, there are always costs like fund expense ratios, account fees, or trading costs. While each one may seem small, they quietly reduce your returns over time. Even small percentages add up over time, so it’s important to know what you’re paying and make sure the costs are reasonable for the value you’re getting.
4. Map Risk to Real Goals
Are you taking more risk than you need or not enough? Compare your portfolio’s risk level with your personal goals and timeline. A 30-year-old saving for retirement has a very different risk profile than someone five years from drawing down their nest egg. You need to find the right amount of risk for your specific situation.
5. Create a One-Page Keep-or-Cut Plan
After you’ve gone through the steps, summarize your findings on a single sheet. Write down each holding, its role, the fees, and whether it stays or goes. The act of putting it all on one page forces clarity. Instead of a scattered collection of accounts, you’ll have a roster of investments that each play their part, working together toward your real-world goals.
A portfolio review is about shining a light on the details so you can see whether your money is truly working toward your goals. And while you can start this process on your own, getting a professional perspective can add context and help uncover blind spots.